In Vitro Studies
The general conclusion of in vitro studies is that there is, so far, inadequate evidence or a lack of consistent and validated evidence to establish my cause-effect relationship between exposure to low level RF and short-term effects on cell cycle and regulation, membrane transport, apoptosis, genotoxicity, mutation rates, gene and protein expression, damage to genetic material and cell proliferation, transformation and differentiation of cells and tissues. Some reported effects that have been established appear to have little significance on cancer or impact on larger cell systems, at least when RF exposures are kept below recommended safety levels, even for long periods of time. Thus, there is very little plausibility for effects at the cellular level that might lead damage at the higher organ levels or for human health consequences.